A
360-degree appraisals
Performance evaluations in which super visitors, peers, employees, customers, and the like evaluate the individual is known as 360-degree appraisals.
4/5ths rule
A rough indicator of discrimination, this rule requires that the number of minority members a company hire must equal at least 80 percent of the majority members in the population hired is known as 4/5ths rule.
Absolute standards
Measuring an employees performance against established standards is known as absolute standards.
Acquisition
The transfer of ownership and control of one organization to another is known as acquisition.
Adverse (disparate) impact
A consequence of an employment practice that results in a greater rejection rate for a minority group than for the majority group in occupation is known as adverse impact.
Adverse (disparate) treatment
An employment situation where protected group members receive treatment different from other employees in matters such as performance evaluations and promotions is known as adverse treatment.
Affirmative action
A practice in organizations that goes beyond discontinuance of discriminatory practices to include actively seeking, hiring, and promoting minority group members and women.
Age discrimination in employment act (ADEA)
This act inhibits arbitrary age discrimination, particularly among those over age 40.
Agency shop
A union security arrangement whereby employees must pay union dues to the certified bargaining untill even if they choose not to join the union is known as agency shop.
Albemarle Paper Company v. Moody
Supreme court case that clarified the methodological requirements for using and validating tests in selection is known as albemarle paper company v. moody.
Americans with Disabilities act of 1990 (ADA)
Extends EEO coverage to include most forms of disability, requires employers to make reasonable accommodations, and eliminates post-job-offer medical exams is known as americans with disabilities act of 1990.
Application form
Company-specific employment forms used to generate specific information the company want is known as application form.
Assessment centre
A facility where performance simulation tests are administered. These include a series of exercises used for selection, development, and performance appraisal is known as assessment centre.
Attribution theory
A theory of performance evaluation based on the perception of who is control of an employee's performance is known as attribution theory.
Authorization card
A card signed by prospective union members indicating that they are interested in having a union election held at their work site authorization card.
B
Baby boomers
Individuals born between 1946 and 1965 are known as baby boomers.
Background investigation
The process of verifying information job candidates provide is known as background investigation.
Behavioral interview
Observing job candidates not only what they say but how they behave is known as behavioral interview.
Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS)
A performance appraisal technique that generates critical incidents and develops behavioral dimensions of performance. The evaluators appraises behaviours rather than traits are known as behaviorally rating anchored scales.
Blind-box ad
An advertisement that does not identify the advertising organization is known as blind-box ad.
Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)
Job requirements that are "reasonably necessary to meet the normal operations of that business or enterprise" is known as Bona fide occupational qualification.
Broad-banding
Paying employees at present levels based on their level of competency is known as broad-banding.
Burnout
Chronic and long-term stress is known as burnout.
C
Carer
The sequence of employment positions that a person has held over his or her life is known as career.
Carpel tunnel syndrome
A repetitive-motion disorder effecting the wrist is known as carpel tunnel syndrome.
Central tendency
The tendency of the rater to give average rating is known as central tendency.
Change agent
Individual responsible for fostering the change effort and assisting employees in adapting to changes is known as change agent.
Checklist appraisal
A performance evaluation in which a rater checks off applicable employee attributes is known as checklist appraisal.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Federal law that prohibited discrimination based on race is known as Civil Rights Act of 1866.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlawed racial segregation and discrimination in employment, public facilities, and education is known as Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Civil Rights Act of 1991
Employment discrimination law that nullified selected Supreme Court decisions. Reinstated burden of proof by the employer, and allowed for punitive and compensatory damage through jury trials is known as Civil Rights Act of 1991.
Civil Service Reform Act
Replaced executive order 11491 as the basic law governing labour relations for federal employees is known as Civil Service Reform Act.
Classification method
Evaluation jobs based on predetermine job grades is known as classification method.
Code of ethics
A formal document that states an organization's primary values and the ethical rules it expects organizational members to follow is known as code of ethics.
Collective bargaining
The negotiation, administration, and interpretation of written agreement between two parties, at least one of which represents a group that is acting collectively, and that covers a specific period of time is known as collective bargaining.
Communications programs
HRM programs designed to provide information to employees is known as communications programs.
Comparable worth
Equal pay for jobs similar to skills, responsibility, working conditions, and efforts is known as comparable worth.
Compensation administration
The process of managing a company's program is known as compensation administration.
Compensation and benefits
HRM functions concerned with paying employees and administrating the benefits package is known as compensation and benefits.
Compensation surveys
Used to gather factual data on practices among firms and companies within specific communities is known as compensation surveys.
Competency-based compensation
Organizational pay system that rewards skills, knowledge, and behaviours is known as competency-based compensation.
Comprehensive interview
A selection device used to obtain in depth information about a candidate is known as comprehensive interview.
Comprehensive selection
Applying all steps in the selection process before rendering a decision about a job candidate is known as comprehensive selection.
Compressed work week schedule
Employees work longer days in exchange for longer weekends or other days off is known as compressed work week schedule.
Conciliation and mediation
Impasse resolution techniques using an impartial third party to help management and the union to resolve the conflict is known as conciliation and mediation.
Concurrent validity
Validating tests by using current employees as the study group is known as concurrent validity.
Conditional job offer
A tentative job offer that becomes permanent after certain conditions are met is known as conditional job offer.
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act provides for continued employee benefits up to three years after an employee leaves a job.
Constraints on recruiting efforts
Factors that can limit recruiting outcomes is known as constraints recruiting efforts.
Construct validity
The degree to which a particular trait relates to successful job performance, as in IQ tests is known as construct validity.
Consumer driven health plan (CDHP)
Consumer driven health plan combines a health plan with a high deductible with the health savings account that the insured uses to pay for deductible and medical care.
Content validity
The degree to which test content, as a sample, represents all situations that could have been included, such as a typing test for a clerk typist is known as content validity.
Contingent workforce
The part time, temporary, and contract workers used by organizations to fill peak staffing needs or perform work nor done by core employees is known as contingent workforce.
Continuous improvement
Organizational commitment to constantly improving quality of products or services is known as continuous improvement.
Controlling management
Controlling management function concerned with monitoring activities to ensure goals are met is known as controlling management.
Core competency
Organizational strengths that represent unique skills or resources is known as core competency.
Core employees
An organization's full time employee population is known as core employees.
Criterion-related validity
The degree to which a particular selection device accurately predicts the important elements of work behaviour, as in the relationship between the test score and job performance is known as criterion-related validity.
Critical incident appraisal
A performance evaluation that focuses on key behaviours that differentiate between doing a job effectively or ineffectively is known as critical incident appraisal.
Cut score
A scoring point below which applicants are rejected is known as cut score.
D
Decline or late stage
The final stage in one's career, usually marked by retirement is known as decline or late stage.
Defined benefit plan
A retirement program that pays retiring employees a fixed retirement income based on average earnings over a period of time is known as defined benefit plan.
Defined contribution plan
No specific benefit payout is promised because the value of the retirement account depends on the growth of contributions of employee and employer is known as defined contribution plan.
Diary method
A job analysis method requiring job incumbents to record their daily activities is known as diary method.
Discipline
A condition in the organization when employees conduct themselves in accordance with the organization's rules and standards of acceptable behavior is known as discipline.
Dismissal
A disciplinary action that results in the termination of an employee is known as dismissal.
Documentation
A record of performance appraisal process outcomes is known as documentation.
Domestic partner benefits
Benefits offered to an employee's live in partner is known as domestic partner benefits.
Downsizing
An activity in an organization aimed at creating greater efficiency by eliminating certain jobs is known as downsizing.
Drug testing
The process of testing applicant's/ employee's to determine if they are using illicit substance is known as drug testing.
Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988
Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 requires specific government related groups to ensure that their workplace is drug free.
Drug check-off
Employer withholding of union dues from union member's paychecks is known as drug check-off.
E
Economic strike
An impasse that results from labour and management's inability to agree on the wages, hours and terms and conditions of the new contract is known as economic strike.
Employee assistance programs (EAPs)
Specific programs designed to help employees with personal problems is known as employee assistance programs.
Employee benefits
Membership-based, non financial rewards offer to attract and keep employees is known as employee benefits.
Employee development
Future-oriented training that focuses on employee personal growth is known as employee development.
Employee handbook
A booklet describing important aspects of employment an employee needs to know is known as employee handbook.
Employee monitoring
An activity whereby the company keep informed of its employee's activities is known as employee monitoring.
Employee referral
A recommendation from the current employee regarding a job application is known as employee referral.
Employee relations function
Activities in HRM concerned with effective communications among organizational members is known as employee relations function.
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)
Law passed in 1974 designed to protect employee retirement benefits is known as Employee Retirement Income Security Act.
Employee training
Present-oriented training that focuses on individual's current job is known as employee training.
Employment agencies
Employment agencies assists in matching employees seeking work with employers seeking workers.
Employment-at-will doctrine
Nineteenth century common law that permitted employers to discipline or discharge employees at their discretion is known as employment-at-will doctrine.
Encounter stage
The socialization stage where the individuals confront the possible dichotomy between their organizational expectations and reality is known as encounter stage.
Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA)
Granted enforcement powers to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is known as Equal Employment Opportunity Act.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commision (EEOC)
The arm of the federal government empowered to handle discrimination in employment cases is known as Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
Equal Pay Act of 1963
This act requires equal pay for equal work.
Establishment period
A career stage in which one begins to search for work and finds a first job is known as establishment period.
Ethics
A set of rules or principles that defines right and wrong conduct is known as ethics.
Executive search firms
Private employment agency specializing in middle- and top management placements is known as executive search firms.
Exempt employees
Employees in positions that are exempt from most employee protection outlined in the Fair Labour Standards Act, specially overtime pay are known as exempt employees.
Expatriate
An individual who lives and works in a country of which he or she is not citizen is known as expatriate.
Exploration period
A career stage that usually ends in the mid-twenties as one makes the transition from school to work is known as exploration period.
External career
Attributes related to an occupation's properties or qualities is known as external career.
Extrinsic rewards
Benefits provided by the employer, usually money, promotion, or benefits are known as extrinsic rewards.
F
Fact-finding
The technique whereby the neutral third party conducts a hearing to gather evidence and testimony from the parties regarding the differences between them is known as fact-finding.
Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1971
Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1971 requires and employer to notify job candidates of its intent to check into their credit.
Fair Labour Standards Act (FLSA)
Fair Labour Standard Act passed in 1938, this act established laws outlining minimum wage, overtime pay, and maximum hour requirements for most U.S workers.
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 FMLA)
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 provides employees in most organizations the opportunity to take up to twelve weeks of unpaid leave for family matters.
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Services (FMCS)
A government agency that assists labour and management in setting disputes is known as Federal Mediation and Conciliation Services.
Flexible benefits
A benefits program in which employees pick benefits that most meet their needs is known as flexible benefits.
Flexible spending accounts
Flexible spending accounts allow employees to set aside money before payroll taxes to pay for healthcare or dependant care is known as flexible spending accounts.
Flex time
An alternative to traditional "9 to 5" work schedules allows employees to vary arrival and departure times is known as flex time.
Forced-choice appraisal
A performance evaluation in which the rater must choose between two specific statements about an employee's work behaviour is known as forced-choice appraisal.
G
Glass ceiling
The invisible barrier that blocks females and minorities from ascending into upper levels of an organization is known as glass ceiling.
Globalization
A process of interaction and integration among the people, companies and governments of different nation, driven by international trade and investment, accelerated by information technology is known as globalization.
Golden parachute
A financial protection plan for executives in case they are severed from the organization is known as golden parachute.
Graphic rating scale
A performance appraisal method that lists traits and a range of performance for each is known as graphic rating scale.
Grievance procedure
A complaint-resolving process contained in union contracts is known as grievance procedure.
Grigg v.Duke Power Company
Landmark supreme court stating that tests must fairly measure the knowledge or skills required for a job is known as Grigg v. Duke Power Company.
Group Incentive
Motivational plan provided to a group of employees based on their collective work is known as group incentive.
Group interview method
Meeting with a number of employees to collectively determine what their jobs entail is known as group interview method.
H
Hole error
The tendency to let our assessment of an individual on one trait influence our evaluation of that person on other specific traits is known as hole error.
Hawthorne studies
A series of studies that provided new insights into group behaviour and motivation is known as Hawthorne studies.
Health Insurance Probability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
Health Insurance Probability and Accountability Act of 1996 ensures confidentiality of employee health information .
Health maintenance organization HMO)
Health maintenance organization provides comprehensive health services for a flat fee.
Holland vocational preferences model
Holland vocational preferences model represent an individual occupational personality as it relates to vocational themes.
Honesty test
A specialized question-and-answer test designed to assess one's honesty is known as honesty test.
Host-country national (HCN)
A citizen of a host country hired by an organization based in another country is known as host-country national.
Hostile environment harassment
Offensive and unreasonable situations in the workplace that interfere with the ability to work is known as hostile environment harassment.
Hot-stove rule
Discipline, like a consequences of touching a hot stove, and should be immediate, provide ample warning, be consistent, and be impersonal is known as hot-stove rule.
HR generalist
position responsible for all or large number of HR functions in an organization is known as HR generalist.
Human resource information system (HRIS)
A computerized system that assists in the processing of HRM information is known as Human resource information system.
Human resource planning
process of determining an organization's human resource need is known as human resource planning.
I
Imminent danger
A condition where an accident is about to occur is known as imminent danger.
Implied employment contract
Any organizational guarantee or promise about job security is known as implied employment contract.
Impression management
Impression management influencing performance evaluations by portraying an image desired by the appraiser.
IMPROSHARE
An incentive plan that uses a specific mathematical formula for determining employee bonuses is known as IMPROSHARE
Incidence rate
Number of injuries, illnesses, or lost workdays as it relates to a common base of full time employees is known as incidence rate.
Individual incentive plans
Motivation systems based on individual work performance is known as individual incentive plans.
Individual interview method
Meeting with an employee to determine what his or her job entails is known as individual interview method.
Individual ranking
Ranking employees' performance from highest to lowest is known as individual ranking.
Individual retirement accounts (IRA)
A type of defined contribution plan with employer contributions is known as individual retirement accounts.
Initial screening
The first step in the selection process whereby job inquires are sorted is known as initial screening.
Interest arbitration
An impasse resolution technique used to settle contract is known as interest arbitration.
Intergroup development
Helping members of various groups become a cohesive team is known as intergroup development.
Internal search
A promotion-from-within concept is known as internal search.
Interviewer bias
Image created by reviewing materials such as the resume, application, or test scores prior to the actual interview is known as interviewer bias.
Intrinsic rewards
Satisfactions derived from the job itself, such as pride in one's work, a feeling of accomplishment, or being part of team is known as intrinsic rewards.
J
Job analysis
Job analysis provides information about jobs currently being done and the knowledge, skills, and ability that individuals need to perform the jobs adequately is known as job analysis.
Job description
A statement indicating what a job entails is known as job description.
Job design
Job design refer to the way that the position and the tasks within that position are organized, including how and when the tasks are done and any factors that effect the work such as in what order tasks are completed and the conditions under which the tasks are completed is known as job design.
Job enrichment
Enhancing jobs by giving employees more opportunity to plan and control their work is known as job enrichment.
Job evaluation
Job evaluation specifies the relative value of each job in organization is known as job evaluation.
Job fairs
Events attended by employer representatives or recruiters with the goal of reaching qualified candidates are known as job fairs.
Job rotation
Moving employees horizontally or vertically to expand their skills, knowledge, or abilities is known as job rotation.
Job sharing
Two people share on job by splitting the work week and the responsibilities of the position is known as job sharing.
Job specification
Statements indicating the minimal acceptable qualifications incumbents must possess to successfully perform the essential elements of their jobs is known as job specification.
K
Kaizen
The Japanese term for an organization's commitment to continuous improvement is known as Kaizen.
Karoshi
A Japanese term meaning death from over working is known as Karoshi.
Kirkpatrick's model
Kirkpatrick's model evaluates the benefits of training of skills that are hard to quantify, such as attitudes and behaviours pre-post-training performance with control group method evaluating training by comparing pre- and post-training results within.
Knowledge workers
Individuals whose jobs are designed around the acquisition and application of information are known as knowledge workers.
L
Labour union
Act on behalf of it's members to secure wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment is known as Labour union.
Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959
Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 also known as the Labour and Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, this legislation protected union members from possible wrong doing on the part of their unions to disclose their financial statements.
Late-career stage
A career stage in which individuals are no longer learning about their jobs nor expected to outdo levels of performance from previous years is known as Late-career stage.
Leading
Management function concerned with directing the work of others is known as leading.
Learning organization
An organization that values continued learning and believes a competitive advantage can be derived from it is known as learning organization.
M
Maintenance function
Activities in HRM concerned with maintaining employees' commitment and loyalty to the organization is known as maintenance function.
Maintenance of membership
Maintenance of membership requires an individual who chooses to join a union to remain in the union for the duration of the existing contract.
Management
The process of efficiently completing activities with and through people is known as management.
Management by objectivity (MBO)
A performance appraisal method that includes mutual objective setting and evaluation based on the attainment of the specific objectives is known as management by objectivity.
Management thought
Early theories of management that promoted today's HRM operations is known as management thought.
N
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
The government agency that researches and sets OSHA standards is known as National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Healthy.
National Labour Relations Board (NLRB)
National Labour Relations Board establish to administer and interpret the Wagner Act, the NLRB has primary responsibility for conducting union representation election.
Nonexempt employees
Employees who are covered by the Fair Labour Standards Act, including overtime pay and minimum wage provisions of the act is known as nonexempt employees.
O
Observation method
A job analysis technique in which data are gathered by watching employees work is known as observation method.
Offshoring
The process of moving job out of one country and into another country is known as offshoring.
Online resume
Resumes created and formatted to be posted on online resume or job sites is known as online resume.
Open shop
Employees are free to join union or not, and those who decline need not pay union dues is known as open shop.
Ordering method
Ranking job worth from highest to lowest is known as ordering method.
P
Paired comparison
Ranking individuals' performance by counting the times any one individual is the preferred member when compared with all other employees is known as paired comparison.
Pay-for-performance programs
Rewarding employees based on their job performance is known as pay-for-performance programs.
Peer evaluation
A performance assessment in which co-workers provide input into the employee's performance is known as peer evaluation.
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)
The organization that lays claim to corporate assets to pay or fund inadequate pension programs is known as Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.
Performance-based rewards
Rewards exemplified by the use of commissions, piecework pay plans, incentive systems, group bonuses, or other forms of merit pay are known as performance-based rewards.
Q
Qualified privilege
The ability for organizations to speak candidly to one another about employees or potential hires is known as qualified privilege.
Quality management
Organizational commitment to continuous process of improvement that expands the definition of customer to include everyone involved in the organization is known as quality management.
Quid pro quo harassment
Some type of sexual behaviour is expected as a condition of employment is known as quid pro quo harassment.
R
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO)
Law passed to eliminate any influence on unions by members of organized crime is known as Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act.
Railway Labour Act
Railway Labour Act provided the initial impetus to widespread collective bargaining.
Realist job preview (RJP)
A selection device that allows job candidates to learn negative as well as positive information about the job and organization is known as realistic job preview/
Reasonable accommodations
Changes to the workplace that allow qualified workers with disabilities to perform their jobs is known as reasonable accommodations.
Recruiter
Represent employer to prospective applicants at colleges and job affairs is known as recruiter.
S
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Sarbanes-Oxley Act establishes procedures for public companies regarding how they handle and report their finances.
Scanlon plan
An organization-wide incentive program focusing on cooperation between management and employees through sharing problems, goals and ideas is known as scanlon plan.
Scientific management
A set of principles designed to enhance worker productivity is known as scientific management.
Seniority systems
Decisions such as promotions, pay, and layoffs are made on the basis on an employee's seniority or length of service are known as seniority systems.
Sexual harassment
Anything of a sexual nature that creates a condition of employment, an employment consequence, or a hostile or offensive environment is known as sexual harassment.
T
Taft-Hartley Act
Amended the Wagner Act by addressing employers concerns in terms of specifying unfair union labour practices is known as Taft-Hartley Act.
Team based compensation
Pay based on how well the team performed is known as team based compensation.
Technical conference method
A job analysis technique that involves extensive input from the employee's supervisor is known as technical conference method.
Telecommuting
Telecommuting using technology to work in a location other than the traditional workplace.
Title VII
The most prominent piece of legislation regarding HRM, it states the illegality of discrimination against individuals based on race, religion, color, sex, or national region is known as title VII.
U
Employment compensation
Employee insurance that provides some income continuation in the event an employee is laid off is known as employment compensation.
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA)
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 clarifies and strengthens the rights of veterans to return to their jobs in the private sector when they return from military service.
Union organization of workers
Union organization of workers acting collectively , seeking to protect and promote their mutual interests through collective bargaining.
Union security arrangements
Labour contract provisions designed to attract and retain dues-paying union members is known as union security arrangements.
Union shop
Any nonunion worker must become dues paying members within a prescribed period of time is known as union shop.
V
Validity
The proven relationship of a selection device to relevant criterion is known as validity.
Vesting rights
The permanent right to pension benefits is known as vesting rights.
W
Wage structure
A pay scale showing ranges of pay within each grade is known as wage structure.
Wagner Act
Wagner Act also known as Nation Labour Relations Act of 1935, this act gave employees the right to form and join union and to engage in collective bargaining.
Wards Cove Packing Company v. Atonio
A notable Supreme Court case that had the effect of potentially undermining two decades of gains made in equal employment opportunity is known as Ward Cove Packing Company v. Atonio.
Weakness
Resources an organization lacks or activities it does poorly is known as weakness.
Weighted application form
A special type of application form that uses relevant application information to determine the likelihood of job success is known as weighted application form.
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